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新华网报道 1959年诺贝尔奖获得者、揭示人类DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）合成机制的美国生物化学专家阿瑟·科恩伯格（Arthur Kornberg）10月26日晚病逝，享年89岁。

科恩伯格26日晚在斯坦福大学医院因呼吸衰竭病逝。作为一名退休教授，他依然积极坚持在他创建的斯坦福大学医学院生物化学系从事研究。斯坦福大学医学院院长菲利普·皮佐26日夜间发表声明说：“科恩伯格博士是美国医学领域最杰出和卓越的科学家之一……直到生命结束前，他仍在继续做出杰出贡献。”

科恩伯格与西班牙科学家塞韦罗·奥乔亚发现促使DNA和RNA（核糖核酸）的酶，因此分享了1959年的诺贝尔医学或生理学奖。科恩伯格发现的是促使DNA合成的酶，他把酶命名为DNA聚合酶，并通过实验合成了DNA。科恩伯格和奥乔亚的研究成果为基因工程开发奠定基础，并为多种治疗癌症、病毒传染病药物的研制铺平道路。

科恩伯格1918年3月3日出生于纽约，自幼聪慧过人，在中学时期三次跳级依然成绩优异，1941在罗切斯特大学取得医学博士学位。科恩伯格在研究中一直对酶钟爱有加，他于1989年出了一本自传《酶之情人：一名生物化学家的探索》。他还写过不少书，最近一本名为《微生物故事》，是一本儿童科普读物。

科恩伯格的长子罗杰·科恩伯格子承父业，也在基因研究领域取得卓越成绩。去年12月，罗杰·科恩伯格凭借在“真核转录的分子基础”研究领域的贡献，独享诺贝尔化学奖。

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楼主 Date: 2007-11-17 10:43:15

Honey 前辈

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Arthur Kornberg (1918 - 2007)

Born on March 3, 1918, Arthur Kornberg received his early scientific training at the Abraham Lincoln High School and the City College of New York. Despite his outstanding academic achievements, he was not awarded the prestigious fellowships that would have groomed him for a traditional medical career. Succumbing to the hypochondria of an unrecognized medical genius, he discovered a slight discoloration in the white of his eyes. He noticed the same discoloration in the eyes of other students and some patients, and with the guidance of a professor proceeded to show that he and the others he examined exhibited a biochemical abnormality in bilirubin metabolism - the subject of his first published research paper!

A brief interlude as a doctor in the U.S. Coast Guard was cut short when his expertise in research (and some luck) landed him a job in the Nutrition Section of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Eventually, he decided to focus his research on biochemistry and, in particular, enzymes. At the NIH, and later at Washington University, and at Stanford University, Arthur Kornberg spent decades isolating and purifying the enzymes that run the machinery of the cell. He and Severo Ochoa were the first to identify the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of DNA, polymerase I. In recognition of their work elucidating the basic mechanisms of DNA replication, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1959. Although devoted to protein biochemistry, Kornberg and Ochoa had comprehended a key component of molecular genetics. Kornberg's approach - isolating enzymes in the chemist's lab and analyzing them within their biological context - was a crucial component in understanding the molecular biology of the cell. His hard work has been complemented by flashes of inspiration and creativity. Most spectacular perhaps was Kornberg's successful synthesis of the biologically active PhiX174 virus in 1967. For the first time, a biochemist produced an active virus in the lab. Kornberg has contributed to the pursuit of biology in other ways as well. His three sons are successful researchers in molecular biology - small wonder, having grown up in the company of so many Nobel laureates. As departmental chairman at Washington University and at Stanford, he headed groups of scientists - his extended family - who became leaders in the emerging fields of genetic recombination and biotechnology. Many of the enzymes he isolated are the same ones used in today's sophisticated sequencing and cloning techniques.

沙发 Date: 2007-11-17 10:56:32

五月青梅

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您一定是学医的,这么关心医学方面的东西.

板凳 Date: 2008-04-27 11:20:20

++月舞影

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正是这些伟大的科学家，让人类逐渐了解自己

4 楼 Date: 2008-04-27 21:59:04

kkeetty

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致敬羡慕

5 楼 Date: 2008-04-29 16:21:18