主题：英语名词的用法（下）

见下面表格：

1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关:My family is a big one.My family are having supper now.

home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”:I had to stay (at) home to do my homework.

house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.

2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数

So far，the moon has been visited by man.

总称“男人”，用单数，不用冠词:Man is stronger than woman. 指个体“男人”，有单、复数:There are two men and three women over there.

people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.

指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.

前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.

指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.

person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.

3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:The police were standing there.

指“警察”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are several police/policemen watching the traffic.

policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.

4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.

space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.

“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.

六、例题剖析

例1. You should take more _______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_______.

A. exercise， exercise

B. exercises， exercises

C. exercises， exercise

D. exercise， exercises

【答案】D

exercise作“运动”讲时，是不可数名词；作“练习”讲时，是可数名词，有复数形式。本句第一空为“多做运动”，第二空为“练习”。

例2 .Li Ling wants to be a singer. She thinks it’s an interesting_______.

A. work B. job

C. art D. career

【答案】B

本题考查名词辨析。由an修饰可数名词，可知应选job。

例3.The _______now is that we have lots of _______to ask.

A. problem， questions

B. question， problems

C. question， problem D. problem， question

【答案】A

考查近义词。Question常与ask连用，如ask the question，不定式短语to ask在这里作定语修饰前面的名词question，因为question是可数名词，所以应为questions。

例4.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the _______of the running water.

A. shout B. noise

C. voice D. sound

【答案】D

sound指人所听到的、自然界的任何声音，题意为“流水声”，故选D。

例5. _______are going to come to my home tonight.

A. My brotherexercises three friend

B. My brother of three friends

C. Three my brother’s friend.

D. Three friends of my brother’s

【答案】D

本题题意为“我弟弟朋友们中的三个”表示整体中的一部分，用双重所有格。

七、名词专项同步练习

1. In the picture there are many _______and two_______ .

A. sheep， foxes

B. sheeps， fox

C. sheeps， foxes

D. sheep. foxs

2. In Britain，_______ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes

B. letters boxes

C. letter box

D letters box

3. There are four _______and two in the group.

A. Japanese， Germen

B. Japaneses， Germen

C.Japanese， Germans

D. Japanese， Germens

4. She was born in Wuhan，but Beijing has become her second_______ .

A. home B. family

C. house D. country

5 .Mother brought me _______.

A. a good news

B. a piece of news

C. many good news

D. two news

6. March 8th is_______ Day.

A. Woman’s

B. Women’s

C. Womans’

D Women

7. On the table there are five_______ .

A .tomatos

B .piece of tomatoes

C. tomatoes

D. tomato

8. There are three_______ in our class.

A. Zhou’s B. Zhous

C. Zhous’ D. Zhous’s

9 It’s about ten_______ walk.

A .minute’s B .minutes’

C minute D minutes

10. This room is _______.

A. Bill and David’s

B. Bill’s and David’s

C. Bills and David’s

D. Bill and David

11 . Please remember to give the horse some tree_______ .

A leafs B .leaves

C .leaf D. leave

12 .——Can we have some_______ ？

——Yes，please.

A .banana B .oranges

C. apple D .pear

13. They got much_______ from those new books.

A .ideas B .photos

C .information D stories

14 .What _______lovely weather it is！

A /

B. the

C. an

D .a

15. ——Would you like_______ tea？

—— No，thanks. I have drunk two_______ .

A. any，bottles of orange

B. some，bottles of orange

C. many，bottles of oranges

D. few， bottle of oranges

参考答案

1-5AACAB

6-10BCBBA

11-15BBCAB