主题：桜蘭家族---English Examination

English  Examination


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【答案及解析】桜蘭家族---English Examination           

         

                             

樱兰家族---桜蘭高校ホスト部

特别注意:凡是樱兰家族的成员,把你所答的题用短信息发给我,不要以留言的方式发在帖子下面!!!现在由于短信限制字数,可以每一道大题发一个!!!

Part One :

Listen To Audio And Write To The Main Ideas Of This Article  (1*20')


Attention:Don't copy the preamble!!!


Digging up the Past


Preamble : In an audio profile, archaeologist Rita Wright uncovers the status of women in the field, thousands of years ago and today.



MP3下载


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Part Two:

Reading Comprehension


Question 1.  (3*6')

Inrecent years astronomers have discovered that dwarf galaxies such asNGC 5234 are far more common than previously supposed. Moreover thesegalaxies are very different from their bigger cousins: they spendbillions of years in a dormant state, then erupt in furious short-livedbursts of star formation. Starbursts also occur in large galaxies, butthe radiation from those bursts is usually obscured by other galacticemissions; only in dwarf starburst galaxies can researchers get a clearlook at these phenomena. These galaxies hold clues to the early historyof the universe _ they are relics of an ancient time, composed ofmaterial that has changed little since the big bang. What causesstarbursts in dwarf galaxies, and why are they so important toastronomers? To answer these questions we must examine the mechanics ofstar formation. Astronomers know that stars have been forming foralmost the entire duration of the universe. Our own galaxy, theunremarkable larger spiral called the milky way contains at least 100billion stars. Star formation in the Milky Way is a slow and steadyprocess involving the contraction of vast clouds of interstellar gasand dust. Every year, on an average about one solar mass of gas anddust (that is an amount equal to the mass of our sun) turns into newstars. In contrast, a starburst is a relatively brief period _ from onemillion to 20 million years _ during which the rate of star formationis much higher than average. Astronomers have observed galaxies inwhich the rate is 100 times higher than the Milky Way's. We know thisto be a short-lived stage because if it had been going on for more thanhundred million years the galaxy would have run out of the gas fromwhich the stars are made. The increased star formation rate causes adramatic rise in the galaxy's brightness. Because starbursts are brief,they are dominated by the radiation from hot young stars of 20 solarmasses or more, which have lifetimes of only a few million years. Astrong starburst can be almost as bright as a quasar, the most luminousobject in the universe. Because a star burst's luminosity isconcentrated in the radio and infrared parts of the spectrum, thephenomenon has been recognised and studied only in the past 20 years asnew telescopes and satellites have allowed scientists to observe thesewavelengths Many astronomers believe that starbursts play a pivotalrole in galactic evolution and the creation of star clusters. For thisreason scientists are eager to know what triggers these suddenepisodes, how they proceed and what turns them off. These questions maybe easier to answer in dwarf galaxies which hold 100 million or fewerstars, than in the large spirals such as the Milky Way and M83
                  


1.    According to the author the study of starbursts is easier in dwarf galaxies because
                  
      1.  they are relatively stable and have changed little since their inception.
      2.  their radiations are easier to isolate in these galaxies
      3.  they are smaller and composed of relatively fewer stars.
      4.  they alone contain answers to questions about the mechanics of star formation.
      5.  starbursts are more intense and frequent in these galaxies
                  

                  

2.   Astronomers according to the author, are keen to study starbursts because   (B)  (C)  (D)  (E)
                  
      1.  starbursts are intriguing phenomena that have not yet been studied.
      2.  this is the process by which star formation takes place.
      3.  it could contain evidence of the big bang.
      4.  the radiations from these could be potentially useful to humans.
      5.  these could help understand how early galaxies were formed.


                  


3.   To support the statement that starbursts are a short-lived stage, the author,
      1.  points to data from astronomical observations
      2.  argues that it is a logical consequence of the rapid rate of star formation
      3.  proves they are dominated by hot young stars
      4.  argues that a longer stage cannot be materially sustained.
      5.  Cites the work of various astronomers.



Question 12.   (3*6')


Measurementranks as one of our oldest skills. Many of the questions people askevery day begin with "How many?" or "How much?" A person may ask afriend, "How many brothers and sisters do you have?" or, "How much doyou weigh?" The answers to both questions use numbers. But the firstquestion is answered by counting, and the second by measuring. Eachchild in a family is a whole person and must be counted, not measured.But a person's weight must be measured, and this is done by standing ona scale. Almost everyone uses measurement daily. The food we eat, theclothes we wear, the work we do, and many of the games we play involvemeasurement. For example, shoppers buy meat by the kilogram and clothby the meter. Many workers are paid by the hour. An athlete who runs100 meters in the shortest time wins the race. People also usemeasurement to help them understand one another and to work togethereasily. A boy could write to someone living far away and describehimself as tall and heavy. But it would be better if he describedhimself as 137 centimeters tall and weighing 40 kilograms. In the sameway, a carpenter building a house can order a door that measures 76centimeters wide and know it will fit the opening allowed for it. Everymeasurement involves two things: (1) a number and (2) a unit. A numberby itself is not a measurement. There would be no point in saying thata stick has a length of 6. No one would know whether the stick was 6centimeters or 6 meters long. But if someone described the stick asbeing 6 centimeters long, then the measurement would have meaning.There are two major systems of measurement: (1) the imperial system and(2) the metric system. The measurement units in each system are relatedto one another. The imperial system of measurement started in about the1200's, though its units may be traced back even earlier. Mostnations--and all scientists--use the metric system. The official nameof this system is the Systeme International d'Unites (InternationalSystem of Units). To make accurate measurements, people have inventedsuch measuring tools as clocks, scales, tape measures, thermometers,and other devices. Measurement with tools involves comparing the objector event being measured with the units marked on the tool. For example,a ruler placed beside a pencil shows the number of centimeters andmillimeters equal to the length of the pencil. Most measurementsinvolve reading some kind of scale. The problem is that no matter howmany subdivisions the scale has, the object being measured is likely tofall between two of them. As a result, every measurement can only be anapproximation. A measurement may come close, but it never matches thescale perfectly. Without a magnifying lens, for example, a ruler isaccurate only to within a half millimeter. But simple measurementswithin a fiftieth of a millimeter can be made with an instrument calleda micrometer caliper. Measuring tools include a wide variety ofdevices. Gauges and meters measure such items as liters of petrol orcubic meters of natural gas. A kilowatt-hour meter measureselectricity. A speedometer measures the speed of a car or othervehicle, and an odometer records the distance traveled by the vehicle.Other devices measure the volume of such substances as petroleum inbarrels.
                  


1.   The primary purpose of the passage is to
                  
      1.  makeout a strong case for the superiority of the imperial system ofmeasurement over the metric system on the grounds of accuracy
      2.  makea detailed list of all the devices that are in general use today forthe accurate measurement of objects, distances and speeds
      3.  briefly explain the importance, function, systems and types of measurements that are used in everyday life.
      4.  show the various means that were employed by people after the 1200s to measure.
      5.  describe the various situations in which human beings need to measure and count in their everyday activities.
                  
                  

2.   According to the passage, in order to measure anything
       1.  it is necessary both to count and use devices within either system of measurement
      2.  a unit of one object has to be contrasted with a unit of another object
      3.  a scale called the micrometer calliper has to be used with great precision
      4.  it is first necessary to accept that all measurements are only approximations
      5.  both a number and a unit of measurement are required

                  

3.   Most measurement is only an approximation because
                  
      1.  it involves both a number and a unit and it is unlikely that both of them can be accurate enough
      2.  the object being measured is likely to fall between the calibrations of the scale or device  that is used to measure
      3.  the devices used to measure objects cannot be made to fit all the possible objects that have to be measured accurately
      4.  accuratemeasurement in almost all the cases involve the use of powerful opticalinstruments like magnifying glasses which are not commonly available
      5.  most people who measure are not trained in the use of numbers, units and devices used to measure objects
                  



Part Three:

Writing(1*20')

Argument topics


The following appeared as part of an article in a health magazine: "A new discovery warrants a drastic change in the diets of people living in the United States. Two scientists have recently suggested that omega-3 fatty acids (found in some fish and fish oils) play a key role in mental health. Our ancestors, who ate less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fat, including Omega-3 fatty acids, were much less likely to suffer from depression than we are today.

Moreover, modern societies, such as those in Japan and Taiwan, that consume large quantities of fish report depression rates lower than that in the United States. Given this link between omega-3 fatty acids and depression, it is important for all people in the United States to increase their consumption of fish in order to prevent depression."


Part Four:

Translation(12*2'=24')




English------>Chinese

1.Won gold in a kind.

2.A prodigal son go with the sun is the general, but he was not the same as the solar cycle.

3.Corrode the grass rust, can deep clean the treasures exertion, If good at using gold, but will bring moregold hygiene.

4.Discard time, the time he has abandoned Discard time, and time is up to him.

5.Time silent footsteps, not because we have many things to be addressed and Pause briefly.

6.In this symposium, better is it to only sit in silence. To express one's feelings as the end draws near is too
intimate a task. That I would mention only one thought that comes to me as a listener-in: the riders in a race do
not stop short when they reach the goal, there is a little finishing canter before coming to a standstill, there
is time to hear the kind voice of friends, and to say to oneself, the work is done. But just as one says that, the
answer comes, the race is over, but the work never is done while the power to work remains. The canter that
brings you to a standstill need not be only coming to rest; it cannot be while you still live. But to live is to
function, that is all there is in living. So I end with a land from a Latin voice: death, death, clutches my ear,
and says, live, I am coming.



Chinese------>English

1.握手言和，把以前的一切一笔勾销吧。

2.我会做你需要的任何事。你看到我的手了？这双手就是掘土机。你想到中国去？那我就帮你挖到中国去。我可以像土拨鼠一样疯狂挖洞！

3.听说过延展强度吗？胡克定律？

4.人生最宝贵的是生命。生命对于人来说只有一次。一个人的生命应该这样度过：当他回首往事时，不因虚度年华而悔恨；也不会
因为碌碌无为而羞耻。

5.来吧，让我们群策努力，并肩迈进！

6.幸福并不在于单纯的占有金钱，幸福还在于取得成功后的喜悦，在于创造努力时的激情。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励，
而去疯狂追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些黯淡的日子能使我们认识到，我们真正的使命不是要别人侍奉，而是要为自己和同胞们
服务的话，那么，我们付出的代价是完全值得的。
最后由 Honey 前辈 于 2008-07-28 13:44:33编辑