历史今天：September 18（9.18）
1961: UN Secretary General killed in air crash
1961年9月18日，联合国秘书长达格·哈马舍尔德 (Dag Hammarskjold)死于空难。
Dag Hammarskjold was posthumously awarded the Nobel peace prize
达格·哈马舍尔德，同年，他被追授诺贝尔和平奖。
The body of UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold has been identified among the wreckage of a plane which crashed last night outside the Northern Rhodesian town of Ndola.
He was due in Ndola for peace talks following clashes between United Nations peacekeeping troops and forces striving for independence in the breakaway Congolese province of Katanga.
There was only one survivor from the aircraft. Twelve other bodies have been recovered.
The survivor, Sergeant Harold Julian, a United States member of the UN Security Force is still in a serious condition in hospital.
He told rescuers Mr Hammarskjold had ordered the plane to change direction and fly to a new destination just before landing. Shortly afterwards there was an explosion on board, followed by several smaller explosions.
The plane was due to land at Ndola late last night. It made contact with the air traffic control tower, asking permission to land, then changed direction at the last minute and turned north.
Mr Hammarskjold had been in the Congolese capital, Leopoldville, to disccuss details of UN aid with the government when he learned of the fresh outbreak of fighting.
He boarded a DC6 late yesterday afernoon to fly to Ndola for face-to-face talks with Moise Tshombe, governor of Katanga province.
The UN was under orders to fly after dark because of the risk of being shot down by a Katangan jet fighter.
The last contact was a message to the air traffic control tower at Ndola shortly after midnight.
When Mr Hammarskjold's plane did not arrive on time, checks were made at Congo and Rhodesian towns in case the aircraft had changed route.
The wreckage of his plane was spotted soon after daylight. The DC6 had crashed through trees, hit the ground and disintegrated.
Tributes have been paid to Mr Hammarskjold from world leaders.
President John F Kennedy said his name would be "treasured high among the peacemakers of history".
The British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan said the world would "mourn the loss of a public servant who had pursued his duty with courage, single-mindedness and devotion".
The Secretary General's death leaves the UN facing a crisis of succession at a critical point in its history. The UN under Mr Hammarskjold's lead has committed itself to armed intervention in Congo - despite Soviet opposition.
The Soviets have dissociated themselves from the formal tributes to Mr Hammarskjold. They are likely to use the power vacuum to push their demands for a troika made up of three deputy secretaries general representing different political groups in the UN to make joint decisions.
1987: Superpower treaty to scrap warheads
19879月18日美苏就销毁两国中程核导弹达成协议
Talks between the two sides have been 'frank and constructive'
双方的和谈是坦诚和具有建设性的
FilmTheTheAA The United States and the USSR are to sign an agreement later this year to reduce the number of nuclear missiles.
US President Ronald Reagan announced the news that over 1,000 weapons would be scrapped over the next few years.
The superpower summit in Washington will be the first ever treaty reducing the total number of nuclear arms since their invention 50 years ago.
All the warheads at the site of England's longest-running, anti-nuclear protest at Greenham Common will go as a result of the agreement.
President Reagan said the talks had been "frank, constructive and notable" and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze said it was "time to reap the harvest" after moving towards an accord for many years.
The arms to be dismantled under the treaty are all short and medium-range missiles based in Europe and the Soviet Union.
The inter-continental weapons which can reach thousands of miles will not be destroyed.
Even though the reduction only represents a 3% total decrease in the number of nuclear warheads deployed worldwide, peace campaigners welcomed the announcement.
The chairman of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament said it was the direct result of persistent pressure from the peace movement.
Details of the treaty, including the crucial matter of verifying the destruction of the missiles, have yet to be worked out.
But US Secretary of State George Shultz said the treaty was only the beginning of the process.
"This doesn't solve all the problems by a long shot... But you've got to start," he said.
Vocabulary: |
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disintegrate: break into parts or components（使碎裂）
dismantle: take off or remove（拆除） 
1931年9月18日 “九一八”事变爆发
日军装甲车侵入沈阳 1931年9月18日 “九一八”事变爆发
1931年9月18日，日本关东军制造 “柳条湖事件”，对中国东北地区发动了武装进攻。
柳条湖位于沈阳内城以北2.5公里处，在沈阳站与文官屯站之间，关东军之所以选择这个地方作为爆破地点，其原因有二：一是这里较为偏僻，便于行事；二是距东北军北大营较近，便于诬为中国军队破坏，也有利攻击。
18日22时20分，炸药点燃，一声巨响，震荡长空，炸毁一段路轨。以爆炸声为信号、早已准备好的全副武装的日军，便向预定目标攻击，同时沈阳站附近的日军大炮向北大营猛烈轰击。23时46分，花谷正以土肥原的名义给旅顺关东军司令部发出第一份电报，谎称中国军队在沈阳北部北大营西侧破坏了铁路，袭击日本守备队，日中两军在冲突中。接到电报后，关东军司令官本庄繁、参谋长三宅光治、参谋石原莞尔等人紧急研究对策，一致认为此时是诉诸武力的“绝好机会”。本庄繁当即决定，按照预定的计划，迅速将主力集中到沈阳，先发制人，“惩罚”中国军队，占领东北三省。
19日凌晨1时30分至2时之间，本庄繁向关东军下令：驻辽阳第二师，驻公主岭独立守备队第一、第五营等迅速开往沈阳，攻击该地中国军队；驻长春步兵第三旅准备进攻长春。同时，还向驻朝鲜日军求援。最后，本庄繁将他的命令及战况正式报告给军部。为了便于指挥，19日凌晨3时30分，本庄繁率领关东军司令部火速赶往沈阳。
9月18日夜，日本在沈阳的驻军只有独立守备队第二营和第二师的第二十九团，人数仅几千人。柳条湖事件发生后，日军连夜向沈阳增兵。驻扎在铁岭的部队，于19日凌晨4时到达沈阳，配合第二营于5时30分占领北大营。与此同时，驻扎在海城和辽阳等地的第二师所属部队及师长多门二郎也于19日凌晨5时抵沈阳，与原来驻在沈阳的第二十九团一起行动，6时30分占领沈阳内城。然后该师又与独立守备队采取联合行动，向距沈阳10公里的东大营进攻，日军南北夹击，东北军和讲武堂学员不战而退。中午12时许，日军占领了这个东北军的第二大营。由于东北军绝大多数部队执行了蒋介石“不准抵抗”的命令，一夜之间，日本侵略军便轻而易举地占领了沈阳城。东北边防军长官公署、辽宁省政府、兵工厂、飞机场及一切重要军政机关和东三省官银号等悉被占领，所有驻省城的军警均被缴械。仅沈阳兵工厂，即损失步枪15万支，手枪6万支，重炮。野战炮250门，各种子弹300余万发，炮弹10万发，东三省航空处积存的300架飞机，尽为日军掠去；其唯一的金库所存现金7000万元，亦被洗劫一空。
9月18日夜里，关东军在南满铁路沿线展开了全面攻势。19日，日军攻占南满、安奉两铁路沿线的重要城镇营口、田庄台、盖平、复县、大石桥、海城、辽阳、鞍山、铁岭、开原、昌图、四平街、公主岭、安东、凤凰城、本溪、抚顺、沟邦子等地。19日凌晨4时，日军向长春发动总攻，中国守军奋起抵抗，后在吉林军署参谋长熙洽“毋须抵抗”的命令下含愤撤退。当日22时许，长春陷落。
蒋介石、张学良拱手让敌东北大好河山转瞬沦陷
9月6日，张学良电令驻沈阳北大营旅长王以哲：“中日关系现甚严重，我军与日军相处须格外谨慎。无论受如何挑衅，俱应忍耐，不准冲突，以免事端。”同日，又电臧式毅、荣臻称：“对于日人，无论其如何寻事，我方务须万方容忍，不可与之反抗，致酿事端。”参谋长荣臻命令北大营驻军：“不准抵抗，不准动，把枪放到库房里，挺着死，大家成仁，为国牺牲。”
驻沈阳北大营的东北军第七旅，8月间即预感到日军要采取行动，旅长王以哲专程到北平请示张学良。张学良说：“ 蒋指示暂不抵抗，准备好了再干，一切事先从外交解决；……遇事要退让，军事上要避免冲突，外交上要采取拖延方针。”王以哲根据这一方针，决定对于日军的进攻，采取“衅不自我开，作有限度的退让”的对策，“在万不得已的情况下，全军退到车山嘴子附近集结，候命行动”。这样，不抵抗主义，从中央到地方层层下达，贯彻比较彻底。结果造成大片国土轻易地落入敌手。满铁的土木建筑公司经理神谷仙次郎在日记中，夸耀日本侵略军进攻“北台(大)营的战争，创造了世界战争的记录，敌人有1.2万人，而关东军用650人即以1/20的兵力，战斗7小时，就把它攻占了”。沈阳的陷落，也并不是日军攻陷的，基本上是从敞着的大门开进来的。当日军进攻北大营时，沈阳城门大开，荣臻和臧式毅会商应付办法，认为日领事馆已经说了日军不进城，“如果进城，吾方即闭城门，日军亦可用炮击毁，不若开城听其如何”。果然。日军一炮未发，便从敞开的城门进入城内。
事件爆发后，蒋介石仍令不抵抗。目居北平的张学良一夜之间十几次致电南京蒋介石请示，均不准抵抗。蒋指示张学良：“日军此举，不过寻常寻衅性质，为免除事件扩大，绝对抱不抵抗主义。”在这种不抵抗政策下，拱手让敌，使东北大好河山沦于敌手。 
请大家尝试翻译以下这些句子，答案如果采纳将会有些许的积分奖励 On September 18th, 1970, rock star Jimi Hendrix died in London at age 27. On this date:
In 1759, the French formally surrendered Quebec to the British.
In 1793, President Washington laid the cornerstone of the US Capitol.
In 1810, Chile declared its independence from Spain.
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which allowed slaveowners to reclaim slaves who had escaped to other states.
In 1851, the first edition of The New York Times was published.
In 1927, the Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System (later CBS) made its debut with a basic network of 16 radio stations.
In 1940, Harper and Brothers published "You Can't Go Home Again" by Thomas Wolfe.
In 1947, the National Security Act, which unified the Army, Navy and newly formed Air Force into a National Military Establishment, went into effect.
In 1961, United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was killed in a plane crash in northern Rhodesia.
In 1975, newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was captured by the FBI in San Francisco, 19 months after being kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
Ten years ago: Former savings-and-loan chief executive Charles H. Keating was jailed in Los Angeles in lieu of $5 million bail after he was indicted on criminal fraud charges. The city of Atlanta was named the site of the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Five years ago: President Clinton began a five-day re-election campaign fund-raising tour that got off to a rocky start after a deal to convert the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to civilian use collapsed at the last minute.
One year ago: A multinational fleet sailed toward East Timor, the vanguard of a U-N-approved force assigned to bring order to the bloodied Indonesian province. Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs became the first player in major league baseball history to reach 60 homers twice. Heather Renee French of Kentucky was crowned "Miss America" at the pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
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最后由 北極之上 于 2008-09-19 13:16:22编辑
