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主题:历史今天: 1688年英国光荣革命(11.05)

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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689, and is an expression that is still used by the Westminster Parliament.
The Glorious Revolution is also occasionally termed the Bloodless Revolution, albeit inaccurately. In England there were two significant clashes between the two armies, and anti-Catholic riots in several towns. There was also the Williamite War in Ireland and serious fighting in Scotland (notably the Battles of Killicrankie and the Dunkeld). The revolution also led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England and the overthrow of Maryland's government.
光荣革命,是指英国一场和宗教有关的非暴力宫廷政变,发生在1688年到1689年。1685年詹姆斯二世不顾国内的普遍反对,违背以前政府制定的关于禁止天主教徒担任公职的“宣誓条例”,委任天主教徒到军队里任职。此后进而任命更多的天主教徒到政府部门、教会、大学去担任重要职务。1687年4月和1688年4月先后发布两个“信仰自由宣言”(Declaration of Liberty of Conscience),给予包括天主教徒在内的所有非国教徒以信教自由,并命令英国国教会的主教在各主教区的教坛上宣读,引起英国国教会主教们的普遍反对。同时詹姆斯二世残酷迫害清教徒,还向英国工商业主要竞争者——法国靠拢,危害资产阶级和新贵族的利益。
1688年6月20日,詹姆斯得子。其信仰英国国教的女儿玛丽没有希望继承王位。当时,支持议会的辉格党(the Whigs)人与部分托利党(the Tories)人为避免信奉天主教的詹姆斯二世传位给刚出生的儿子,而把詹姆士二世废黜。在废黜国王之后,由辉格党和托利党的7位名人出面邀请詹姆斯二世的女婿、荷兰执政奥兰治亲王威廉来英国,他们把王位传于原本的继承者,詹姆士二世的女儿玛丽和时任荷兰奥兰治执政的女婿威廉。1688年11月5日威廉率领1.5万人在托尔湾登陆。詹姆士二世仓惶出逃德意志,途中被截获送回伦敦。后经威廉同意,詹姆斯二世流亡法国。议会重掌大权,1689年1月在伦敦召开的议会全体会议上,宣布詹姆斯二世逊位,由威廉和玛丽共同统治英国,称威廉三世和玛丽二世。同时议会向威廉提出一个《权利宣言》。宣言谴责詹姆斯二世破坏法律的行为;指出以后国王未经议会同意不能停止任何法律效力;不经议会同意不能征收赋税;天主教徒不能担任国王,国王不能与天主教徒结婚等。威廉接受宣言中提出的要求。宣言于当年10月经议会正式批准定为法律,即《权利法案》。因为这场革命没有人命伤亡或者受伤(即没有流血——bloodless),故史称光荣革命。至此,英国议会与国王近半个世纪的斗争以议会的胜利而告结束。

詹姆斯二世(James II)
英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰国王,诺曼底公爵

威廉三世(William III)
英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰国王

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Darkness gives me dark eyes with which I grope for brightness
楼主 Date: 2009-11-05 08:59:03
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 10 积分给narutokyo
i like sofa !!!
沙发 Date: 2009-11-05 10:41:01
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 8 积分给narutokyo
and i like bench
板凳 Date: 2009-11-05 10:42:03
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 5 积分给可可的他
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689, and is an expression that is still used by the Westminster Parliament.
4 Date: 2009-11-05 10:46:38
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 4 积分给seagullzh_1975
The Glorious Revolution
the glorious revolution
5 Date: 2009-11-05 11:19:10
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England.
6 Date: 2009-11-05 11:21:54
parliamentarian
parliamentarian
7 Date: 2009-11-05 11:22:35
stadtholder
stadtholder
8 Date: 2009-11-05 11:23:16
ascend
ascend
9 Date: 2009-11-05 11:23:54
The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689, and is an expression that is still used by the Westminster Parliament.
10 Date: 2009-11-05 11:24:34
albeit
albeit
11 Date: 2009-11-05 11:28:31
The Glorious Revolution is also occasionally termed the Bloodless Revolution, albeit inaccurately.
12 Date: 2009-11-05 11:29:07
In England there were two significant clashes between the two armies, and anti-Catholic riots in several towns.
13 Date: 2009-11-05 11:31:17
clash
clash
14 Date: 2009-11-05 11:31:54
catholic
catholic
15 Date: 2009-11-05 11:32:29
riot
riot
16 Date: 2009-11-05 11:33:33
There was also the Williamite War in Ireland and serious fighting in Scotland (notably the Battles of Killicrankie and the Dunkeld).
17 Date: 2009-11-05 11:34:23
The revolution also led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England and the overthrow of Maryland's government.
18 Date: 2009-11-05 11:35:30
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 3 积分给seagullzh_1975
dominion
dominion
19 Date: 2009-11-05 11:36:24
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 3 积分给xiao-xu
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689, and is an expression that is still used by the Westminster Parliament.
20 Date: 2009-11-05 20:29:51
帖主对此回复很满意,所以奖励 4 积分给gary040
I think it's not important to have The Glorious Revolution, and I even think the last two treaties are not fair to those who are Romanist.顶
21 Date: 2009-11-07 18:12:51
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